The location of the dead bodies wouldn't even be a factor if Vang could effectively argue what the immediate danger was. The immediate danger could also include allowing the white hunters to run away, but only for them to regroup, track, and kill him in the woods. He could argue that if he didn't chase them down, they would have chased him down. Once again, it's argumentative on who shot first and whether or not Vang was allowed to leave. This doesn't even include whatever threats the white hunters might have said.
What I said above covers it.
Vang removing his scope could also be interpreted as Vang trying to put away his equipment. Or, it could also be interpreted that Vang was preparing for a worst case scenario, which happened. It's not clear. Preparing for a worst case scenario is not the same thing as starting it. Once again, we don't know who shot first.
What I said above covers it.
As for Stand Your Ground, Vang could argue the the area of his ground. Also, he could argue that he was under no obligation to retreat after they shot first.
What I said above covers it.
Being defensive or offensive is almost irrelevant if a person can prove immediate danger, stand your ground, or no duty to retreat. For example, Zimmerman.
What I said above covers it.
Moreover, Vang was outnumbered. Vang came down from the tree stand. Unless Vang was suicidal, there is no advantage for Vang shooting first. Of course, you could argue Vang's mental state before the first shot.
There is no evidence of who fired first. That being said, there are two possible ways that this started. (my opinion of course)
1. The white people fired first because of racism, anger, hate, etc., causing Vang to retaliate. (self-defense)
2. Vang's first thought that came to mind to retaliate. Striking first, with good enough distance, is the advantage. This equalized the disadvantage of being outnumbered, compared to close quarters.
These two things are just possobilities because of the lack of evidence on who shot first, but they are plausable.
If Vang didn't take the stand and had a better lawyer, I think Vang had a pretty good chance of manslaughter instead of murder. His sentence probably would have been different too. If the DA only wanted murder, then Vang might have gotten lucky and got off free. For example, Zimmerman.
This was probably a part of the reason that "caused" him to lose the case, but not the major reason. The main reason was his pursuit of the white people. As I mentioned above, the defense became the offense. The initial shot(s) was the immediate danger, the "stand your ground" part. There wasn't enough evidence to back his claims of further danger. As I recall, there was only one shot from the white people. That's evidence there that Vang was no longer in immediate danger after the white people fled and there was no need to pursue them.
Of course anybody can argue that the white people did this and Vang did that, but at the end nobody knows what happened but those who were there. The only thing we can do is piece the puzzle together with what pieces that are available to us. It might not have been cold blood murder, but it wasn't self-defense.